![]() Tools designed to assess NTS must have adequate evidence to support their validity, and they must be used by educators who are trained to do so. Simulation training in healthcare has expanded over the past two decades, and healthcare professionals are now trained, revalidated and assessed in simulated scenarios. ![]() The use of experiential learning incorporating immersive simulation can enhance competence in NTS (including situation awareness (SA) and communication) and improve patient outcomes. Safe care of acutely unwell patients in dynamic clinical settings, such as the operating theatre or emergency department requires high levels of competency in both technical and non-technical skills (NTS). ![]() In light of the renewed focus on simulation as an educational tool to support and enhance training recovery in the aftermath of COVID-19, it is even more important that assessment of these vital skills is standardized, simplified and supported with adequate training. Summative or high-stakes examinations using NTS assessment tools should be undertaken with at least two assessors to provide consensus scoring. Educators require ongoing support in the use of NTS assessment tools for the evaluation of individual healthcare professionals or healthcare teams. The lack of standardization of NTS assessment tools and training in their use is unhelpful for healthcare educators and students. Quantitative and qualitative examination of usability also revealed challenges in using each tool. Furthermore, different statistical tests of IRR produced different results for each tool. Intraclass correlation scores of three expert raters ranged from poor (task management in ANTS and situation awareness (SA) in Oxford NOTECHS ) to very good (problem solving in Oxford NOTECHS and cooperation and SA in OSCAR). Internal consistency and interrater reliability (IRR) varied considerably for the three tools across NTS categories and elements. Internal consistency, interrater reliability and quantitative and qualitative analysis of usability were analyzed for each tool. Three NTS assessment tools designed for use in the UK were used by three experienced faculty to review standardized videos of simulated cardiac arrest scenarios: ANTS (Anesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills), Oxford NOTECHS (Oxford NOn-TECHnical Skills) and OSCAR (Observational Skill based Clinical Assessment tool for Resuscitation). This study has examined three different tools designed for similar settings and gathered evidence to test their validity and usability. ![]() Non-technical skills (NTS) assessment tools are widely used to provide formative and summative assessment for healthcare professionals and there are now many of them. ![]()
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